Belize Vs Mexico: Which Country Is Safer?

Belize and Mexico are two countries in Central America with a lot to offer in terms of culture, nature, and adventure. However, when it comes to safety, there are some notable differences between the two. While both countries have their challenges, the purpose of this article is to compare and contrast the safety aspects of Belize and Mexico, providing insights for travellers considering a visit to the region.

Violent crime in Belize

Belize has a high rate of violent crime, including sexual assault, home invasions, armed robberies, and murder. These crimes are common even during daylight hours and in tourist areas. A significant portion of violent crime in Belize is gang-related, and the local police often lack the resources and training to respond effectively to serious criminal incidents. Most crimes remain unresolved and unprosecuted.

In 2022, the total number of murders and the murder rate per 100,000 population in Belize were on a downward trend. Official records for 2022 show 113 murder victims, a 9.6% reduction compared to the previous year. However, excluding the year 2020 due to the exceptional nature of the COVID pandemic, the homicide rate in Belize has been decreasing over the last decade. The rate reached 25.6 homicides per 100,000 population in 2022, which is still higher than the regional average of 18.3 homicides per 100,000 population.

In addition to homicides, other types of violent crimes such as sexual violence and unlawful sexual intercourse have also increased noticeably in Belize. Reported instances of rape increased by 100%, while unlawful sexual intercourse cases rose by 30.4%. Young people are the primary victims of murder, with two in five victims of homicide between the ages of 18 and 29. Firearms are the main weapon used in murders, with eight in ten murders committed with a firearm.

Belize's geographical position makes it a key transit point for human trafficking in Central America. While there is no strong connection to complex international human trafficking operations, local and regional networks are involved in recruiting and exploiting victims, including Belizean and foreign women, children, and migrants from Central America, Mexico, and Asia. These individuals are exploited in agriculture, domestic work, retail, and sex trafficking. The ongoing border dispute between Belize and Guatemala has contributed to the country's vulnerability to human smuggling and illegal entry.

While extortion and kidnapping are not widespread in Belize compared to neighbouring countries, INTERPOL has recognised their adverse effects on society due to competition in the drug trade. Belize also faces challenges with cyber-dependent crimes, financial crimes, and the presence of street gangs, particularly in Belize City.

Drug and human trafficking in Belize

Belize is a source, transit, and destination country for human trafficking. Both men and women, and children are trafficked for the purposes of labour and sexual exploitation. Women and girls are trafficked mainly from Central America and exploited in prostitution, while children are trafficked to Belize for labour exploitation. Belize's borders with Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico are largely unmonitored, facilitating the movement of illegal migrants who are vulnerable to traffickers. Girls are also trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, sometimes with the consent and complicity of their close relatives. There are also unconfirmed reports that Indian and Chinese migrants are trafficked for involuntary servitude in homes and shops.

The Government of Belize has been making significant efforts to meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. In 2022, Belize was upgraded to Tier 2. The government's achievements included convicting two traffickers and applying adequate sentences, expanding the size of its Anti-Trafficking (A-TIP) Police Unit, improving data collection and case monitoring, opening a shelter for unaccompanied children at risk of trafficking, and prioritising anti-trafficking funding and implementation of the National Action Plan (NAP).

However, the government did not meet the minimum standards in several key areas. Official complicity in trafficking crimes remained a concern, and the government did not adequately address it. There were also reports of corruption, with civil society organisations reporting that some police officers took bribes to ignore incidents of trafficking, not report potential perpetrators and victims, alert establishments where trafficking was likely to occur, and stonewall or sabotage investigations. The government also did not adequately oversee labour recruitment or investigate allegations of trafficking, and did not take measures to reduce the demand for commercial sex.

In 2021, the Government of Belize was placed on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year. The government's efforts included designating judges to preside over trafficking trials, providing shelter for male victims for the first time, including anti-trafficking training in police academy training, sentencing a trafficker to a significant sentence, and opening an investigation against a police officer accused of complicity in a trafficking case. However, the government initiated fewer trafficking investigations, did not convict any traffickers, and identified fewer victims of trafficking. Reports of official complicity in trafficking crimes were common.

Human traffickers in Belize exploit domestic and foreign victims, and traffickers also exploit victims from Belize abroad. Groups considered most at risk for trafficking in Belize include migrants, children, individuals experiencing economic difficulties, LGBTQI+ persons, and adults. Sex traffickers exploit Belizean and foreign adults and children, and LGBTQI+ persons, primarily from Central America, in bars, nightclubs, hotels, and brothels. Due to the pandemic, sex trafficking has moved to more tightly controlled, illegal brothels, and involves a network of taxi operators who provide a connection between individuals in commercial sex and patrons. This change has made reporting more difficult as the commercial sex trade moves further underground.

Safety in Belize City

Belize City is one of the most dangerous areas in Belize, a country with a high crime rate. The US State Department advises citizens to exercise increased caution when travelling to Belize, especially in the south side of Belize City, where violent crime is common. The UK, Canadian, and Australian governments have issued similar warnings.

Belize has around 40 active gangs, with at least eight considered very powerful and dangerous, and most are concentrated in Belize City. Gang-related violence is a significant concern in the city, and gang members often use weapons to resolve disputes. Belize has one of the highest per capita murder rates in the world.

In addition to gang violence, other crimes such as sexual assault, home invasions, armed robberies, and murder are common in Belize City, even during daylight hours and in tourist areas. Drug and human trafficking, organised crime, and street gang activity are prevalent. Tourists are not usually targeted, but there is a risk of being in the wrong place at the wrong time.

To reduce the risk of becoming a victim of crime in Belize City, it is recommended to take the following precautions:

• Avoid non-essential travel to the south side of Belize City.
• Stay in well-known tourist areas and avoid deserted areas, especially at night.
• Travel in groups and avoid travelling alone.
• Be aware of your surroundings at all times and avoid displaying signs of wealth, such as expensive watches or jewellery.
• Avoid walking or driving at night.
• Do not use ATMs in isolated places or at night.
• Do not resist if you are robbed.
• Be vigilant when visiting banks or ATMs.
• Keep your windows and doors locked at all times and do not leave belongings unattended in your vehicle.
• Avoid accepting rides or invitations from strangers.
• Avoid public transportation, including buses and taxis, as they are considered unsafe and unreliable.
• Only use official border crossings when crossing borders by road and avoid travelling at night.
• Monitor local media to stay informed about any security concerns or emergency situations.

It is also important to note that the police capacity to respond to violent incidents in Belize City is limited, and many crimes remain unsolved. The local police may lack the resources and training to effectively respond to serious criminal incidents. Therefore, it is crucial to take preventive measures and follow safety recommendations to minimise the risk of becoming a victim of crime.

Safety in tourist areas of Belize

Belize is a beautiful country with a rich Mayan cultural and historical heritage, stunning natural landmarks, and a unique blend of people and cultures. However, it is not without its dangers, and it's important to be aware of potential risks when visiting.

Crime

Belize has a high crime rate, and violent crime, including armed robbery, shootings, and sexual assault, is a concern. The presence of gangs is a significant issue, with around 40 active gangs operating in the country, most of which are concentrated in Belize City, the country's main crime centre. The area south of Haulover Creek in Belize City, known as Southside, is particularly dangerous and should be avoided by tourists. Gang-related violence and criminal activity are also common along the borders with Guatemala and Honduras, so these areas should be avoided as well.

Generally, tourists are not the targets of violent crime in Belize, but crimes against tourists have been increasing in recent years, mainly due to the large disparity between rich and poor. Petty crime, such as theft and pickpocketing, is one of the main dangers for tourists, especially in popular tourist destinations like San Pedro, Caye Caulker, Placencia, and San Ignacio. To minimise the risk of becoming a victim of crime, it is recommended to:

• Use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank or business.
• Keep valuables out of sight and avoid wearing expensive jewellery.
• Only use established accommodation and campgrounds.
• Follow the advice of local authorities and your hotel.
• Be aware of your surroundings at all times.

Transport

Public transportation in Belize is generally unsafe and unreliable. Public buses are not well maintained, lack basic safety features like seatbelts, and are often overcrowded. Taxis are a safer option, but only use licensed and registered taxis with green licence plates. Cycling is another safe alternative to public transport.

Health

The quality of medical care in Belize is a concern. Public health institutions are underfunded and under-equipped, and private hospitals, mostly located in Belize City, are better equipped and provide better healthcare. It is recommended to get medical insurance before travelling to Belize and to be prepared to pay for treatment in cash.

Natural Disasters

Belize is prone to hurricanes, with at least seven hurricanes hitting the country every year. However, most of these are weak and do not cause damage. The hurricane season runs from June to November, and it is important to stay up to date with local news and official updates during this time. Designated hurricane shelters are available in major tourist areas.

Safety in Belize for solo female travellers

Belize is a safe destination for solo female travellers, but it's important to be aware of potential risks and take necessary precautions. Here are some detailed safety tips for women travelling alone in Belize:

Understanding the Risks

Belize has a high crime rate, with violent crimes such as homicides and robberies being a significant concern. However, these crimes are mostly gang-related and rarely target tourists. Petty crimes, such as theft and pickpocketing, are more common in tourist areas. Additionally, there have been reports of drug-related crimes and human trafficking in the country.

Taking Precautions

• Stay in well-reviewed and social hostels or guesthouses to keep your belongings safe and meet other travellers.
• Do your research before booking tours, accommodations, and activities to avoid scams and unsafe situations.
• Try to blend in with the locals by dressing appropriately and avoiding flashy jewellery or expensive items.
• Stick to public and well-lit areas, especially at night, and avoid secluded spots that may be more prone to crimes.
• Avoid walking on the beach at night, as it can be dangerous and make you an easy target for thieves.
• Be cautious when visiting Belize City, especially after dark, and avoid the Northern part of the city.
• Use a money belt to keep your cash and valuables safe and hidden.
• Always carry multiple payment options, such as cash, cards, and traveller's cheques, and keep them in separate places.
• Be aware of cultural differences and dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention.
• Understand and respect local laws and customs to avoid any legal issues.
• Stay vigilant and trust your instincts. If a situation doesn't feel right, remove yourself from it.

Dealing with Harassment

Street harassment is common in Belize, especially in popular tourist destinations like Caye Caulker. It is important to remain vigilant and take the following steps:

• Respond to catcalling with a polite greeting and move on.
• Report extreme verbal or physical harassment to local authorities or hotel staff.
• Inform bar staff or security if someone is harassing you, and stick to well-lit and busy areas.
• Avoid isolated areas, and try to stay in groups or with a trusted companion whenever possible.

Health and Safety

• Stay informed about the latest travel advisories and warnings for Belize before and during your trip.
• Purchase comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and trip cancellations.
• Carry a well-stocked medical kit, including insect repellent, sunscreen, and any necessary medications.
• Drink only bottled water and avoid ice in drinks to reduce the risk of waterborne illnesses.
• Be cautious when consuming alcohol, and never leave your drink unattended to prevent drink spiking.
• Be mindful of food and water hygiene to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses.
• Stay informed about natural disasters and severe weather conditions, and follow local authorities' instructions.

Transportation

• Taxis are a safe and affordable way to get around, especially at night. Ensure you only use licensed taxis with green license plates.
• Public transportation, such as buses, is generally safe but can be crowded and uncomfortable.
• Driving in Belize is safe, but be prepared for police checkpoints, especially near border areas. Always carry the necessary documentation.
• Consider using a reputable tour company for guided excursions and transportation between locations.

Seeking Help

• Familiarise yourself with the location and contact information of your country's embassy or consulate in Belize before your trip.
• Keep emergency contacts, such as local police and medical services, easily accessible during your trip.
• Stay connected with family or friends back home and regularly share your whereabouts and plans.
• Download safety apps on your phone, such as those that provide alerts and emergency contacts.

Belize is a beautiful country with a unique culture and friendly people. By staying vigilant and taking necessary precautions, solo female travellers can have a safe and enjoyable trip to Belize.

Frequently asked questions