Bahrain's Strictness: What You Need To Know

Bahrain is a Muslim country with a number of laws and customs that apply to visitors. While the country is known for its relaxed and cosmopolitan culture, it has several strict rules that can be overlooked by travellers. For instance, it is forbidden to try and convert a Muslim to another religion, and open displays of non-Muslim religious beliefs can be seen as offensive. Additionally, Bahrain has strict penalties for drug offences, with possession resulting in a custodial sentence or even the death penalty. The country also has a zero-tolerance attitude towards drink driving, and stealing is considered a major crime. Visitors are expected to dress modestly, especially in places of worship, and public displays of affection are likely to offend locals.

Dress code

Although Bahrain is considered one of the most tolerant countries in the Middle East when it comes to dress code, it is still an Islamic country and therefore has certain expectations of clothing that tourists and residents are encouraged to observe.

The exact dress code depends on the setting and whether you are in a private or public place. In general, however, it is expected that both men and women keep their knees and shoulders covered at all times when in public. Clothing should also be loose-fitting rather than tight or revealing, and see-through garments are prohibited.

Women's Dress Code

In traditional and public areas such as souqs, central markets, and villages, women should wear long trousers or skirts that fall below the knee. Sleeveless tops, spaghetti straps, and clothing that reveals the midriff or cleavage are not permitted in these settings. Women are also expected to cover their hair with a scarf when visiting mosques or other religious sites.

In malls and restaurants, the dress code is more relaxed, and women can wear skirts and blouses, but these should still fall below the knee. Swimwear is acceptable at private beaches and pools, but at public beaches and pools, women are expected to cover up.

Men's Dress Code

Men are expected to wear long trousers in most public settings, including traditional areas, souqs, malls, and restaurants. Shorts are generally not permitted in these places, except at the beach. Men are also not allowed to wear sleeveless tops when visiting mosques or other religious sites, and they are expected to cover their heads.

Children's Dress Code

There are no restrictions on what children before puberty should wear in Bahrain. However, teenagers should follow the same guidelines as adults and avoid revealing or tight-fitting clothing.

What to Pack for Bahrain

When packing for a trip to Bahrain, it is recommended to bring lightweight and breathable clothing made from natural fabrics such as silk, cotton, and linen to combat the hot summer temperatures. It is also a good idea to bring a pashmina or light shawl to cover the shoulders and knees when needed, as well as a hat and sunglasses for sun protection.

For women, maxi skirts and dresses, loose trousers, and blouses that cover the shoulders and knees are ideal. Leggings or shorts can be worn underneath dresses or skirts that are too short. Sandals, sneakers, and flip-flops are suitable footwear options.

For men, lightweight trousers such as linen or cotton chinos are recommended. Knee-length or longer shorts can be worn at the beach, but longer trousers are preferred in most other settings. Sandals, sneakers, and flip-flops are also suitable footwear for men.

It is important to note that the dress code is more relaxed in five-star hotels and resorts, and swimwear is generally acceptable at private beaches and pools. However, public nudity is illegal in Bahrain, and it is considered respectful to cover up when moving between the beach or pool and other public areas.

Alcohol consumption

Bahrain's allure for Saudis goes beyond alcohol, but it is a significant factor. The country is known for its glitzy nightclubs and alcohol, which entice Muslims from Gulf states seeking a break from their stricter societies. Bahrain is especially attractive to wealthy Saudis, who live in the region's most conservative state and can reach Bahrain in under half an hour via a causeway.

Bahrain has tried to shed this image and rein in alcohol consumption. In 2010, the country prohibited Muslims from drinking liquor in public places but allowed non-Muslims to consume liquor in designated places. This amendment to the Penal Code was said to adhere to Islamic Sharia'a law, which does not prohibit non-Muslims from drinking liquor. The amendment also excluded the consumption of liquor in private places, banning it only in public places.

Despite these measures, alcohol remains a drawcard for visitors from Saudi Arabia and other conservative countries. Bars and brothels are still among the most common attractions for tourists. However, there are also those who come for more tame entertainment, such as movies, music, and cultural events that are banned or restricted in their home countries.

The issue of alcohol consumption in Bahrain is complex and multifaceted. While the country has taken steps to restrict it, especially for Muslims, it continues to be a significant part of the country's allure for tourists from conservative backgrounds.

Drug laws

Bahrain has strict penalties for drug offences. Even a residual amount of an illegal substance can result in imprisonment and deportation. Buying or selling illegal drugs and narcotics is considered a serious crime and can result in life imprisonment or the death penalty.

Possession of drugs with the intent to sell or distribute may result in the death penalty or life imprisonment, as well as a fine of between BD5,000 and BD50,000. Possession of drugs with the intent to use may result in up to six months' imprisonment and/or a fine of up to BD10,000.

It is important to note that certain prescription drugs may be deemed illegal without a doctor's prescription. A list of prescription drugs is periodically updated by amendments to the law.

Religion and culture

Bahrain is an Islamic country, and its culture and tribal heritage are rooted firmly in generations of Islamic traditions. While Bahrain is considered more relaxed and cosmopolitan than its neighbouring countries, it still has strict laws and customs that must be respected by visitors and residents.

Dress Code

Modest dress is expected in Bahrain, particularly when visiting religious sites such as mosques. In these settings, women are expected to be covered from head to toe in loose-fitting clothing, and can borrow an abaya and hijab if needed. Men should wear full-length trousers and shirts that cover at least their elbows.

In other public areas, such as shopping malls, restaurants, and parks, both men and women are encouraged to dress modestly. Clothing should not be transparent, reveal too much skin, or display offensive pictures or slogans. Nudity is strictly forbidden, and these rules are even more closely observed during Ramadan.

Greetings and Social Etiquette

It is considered polite to learn some common greetings in Arabic, such as "Salam alaykum" ("Peace be upon you"), to which the response is "Wa alaykum as-salam" ("And upon you be peace"). When greeting Bahraini men, it is customary to shake hands, but one should not shake hands with a Bahraini woman unless she offers her hand first. It is also considered offensive to cross your legs when sitting down or to embrace or kiss anyone in public.

Alcohol and Drugs

While alcohol is legal in Bahrain and available in bars, licensed restaurants, and off-licences, drunken behaviour in public is against the law and can lead to fines, imprisonment, deportation, and the loss of one's driving license. It is also illegal to drive under the influence of alcohol.

Illegal drugs are strictly forbidden, and even a residual amount can result in imprisonment and deportation. Drug offences, including buying or selling illegal drugs and narcotics, can result in life imprisonment or even the death penalty.

Religion

Islamic religious values are greatly respected in Bahrain, and it is considered deeply offensive to show any disrespect towards religious beliefs or practices. It is forbidden to try to convert a Muslim to another religion, and non-Muslim visitors should be aware that open displays of non-Muslim religious beliefs can be seen as offensive and should be avoided.

Photography

Cultural sensitivities around photography mean that visitors should exercise caution when taking photos. In particular, people, especially women, do not like to be photographed. It is best to ask for permission before taking photos, as failing to do so may anger locals.

Other Customs

Bahrain has a zero-tolerance attitude towards drink-driving, stealing, and debt. Unpaid debt is punishable by a prison sentence, and those in debt are forbidden from leaving the country. Additionally, visitors should be aware that homosexuality is considered an offence in Bahrain.

Crime and safety

Theft and Robbery

Even though the crime rate in Bahrain is generally low, petty theft and burglaries are a real concern. Pickpocketing is also a serious problem in Bahrain, as in most destinations frequented by tourists. It is advised to keep your valuables close by at all times and be vigilant and aware of your surroundings.

Transport

Transport in Bahrain is considered unsafe, with local drivers often driving recklessly and causing accidents. It is advised to avoid driving at night, as local drivers tend to drive without headlights. It is also recommended to only use reputable taxis to get around Manama and other towns, as there have been reports of unlicensed cab drivers harassing women at night.

Natural Disasters

Bahrain experiences extremely high temperatures, with sandstorms and thunderstorms also common. It is recommended to always carry water and stay hydrated.

Terrorism

There is a moderate risk of terrorism in Bahrain, with numerous terrorist attacks in the Gulf region in recent years. Visitors are advised to remain vigilant and aware of their surroundings at all times.

Scams

There are no known scams targeting tourists regularly in Bahrain. However, it is advised to negotiate everything in advance, double-check your change, and never pay anything upfront.

Women Travellers

Women travellers should be mindful of cultural differences and dress accordingly. Bahrain is considered very safe for solo female travellers, but basic precaution measures are advised to minimise the risk of anything going wrong.

Alcohol and Drugs

Alcohol is legal in Bahrain and available in bars, licensed restaurants, and off-licences. However, drunken behaviour in public and driving under the influence of alcohol are against the law and can result in fines, imprisonment, deportation, and the loss of your driving license.

The use and possession of illegal drugs are strictly forbidden in Bahrain, with very strict penalties for drug offences. Even a residual amount can result in imprisonment and deportation. Buying or selling illegal drugs is considered a serious crime and can result in life imprisonment.

Dress Code

Bahrain is an Islamic country, and visitors are expected to dress conservatively and respect the local culture and values. In public places such as shopping malls, restaurants, and parks, clothing should not be transparent, indecently expose parts of the body, or display offensive pictures or slogans. Any form of nudity, including topless sunbathing, is strictly forbidden.

Religion

Islamic religious values are greatly respected in Bahrain, and showing any disrespect towards religious beliefs or practices is considered deeply offensive and can result in heavy fines and/or imprisonment. While other religions are respected and can be followed by expatriates, it is forbidden to try to convert a Muslim to another religion. Non-Muslim visitors should also be aware that open displays of non-Muslim religious beliefs can be seen as offensive to locals.

Frequently asked questions