Exploring Manama: From Port To City

Manama, the capital of Bahrain, is a historic city with a diverse population and a rich trading history. Located on an archipelago in the Persian Gulf, it is bordered by Saudi Arabia and Qatar. With a population of around 200,000, it is the largest city in Bahrain and a major hub for trade and commerce. The Port of Manama, which includes the Khalifa Bin Salman Port and the Mina Salman Port, serves as the country's principal seaport and a crucial gateway for international shipping. Visitors can reach the city centre from the port by shuttle or taxi, with the former provided by some cruise lines.

Getting to the city by taxi, bus, or car

By Taxi

Taxis are available at the port, but be sure to ask the driver to use the meter. The centre of Manama can be found in the north of the city around Bab Al Bahrain, the main entrance to Manama Souq. The city centre is located 8 kilometres or 5 miles from Bahrain International Airport, and the travel time is approximately 20 minutes.

By Bus

Public buses are available but not recommended for visitors as the routes are difficult to figure out. If you do decide to take the bus, four bus lines connect Bahrain Airport with central Manama: bus services A1, A2, 10, and 11. Bus line A2 towards the University of Bahrain/Bahrain International Circuit is the fastest and takes you in 15 to 20 minutes to Bab Al Bahrain Station in the city centre. This stop is also within walking distance of Bahrain Financial Harbour. Bus route A2 runs every 30 minutes to and from the airport seven days a week. You can also get off at Manama Terminal, one of the three major bus stations in Bahrain, along with Muharraq Terminal and Isa Town Terminal. Bus routes A1, 10, and 11 can also be used to get into the city centre, and these buses stop at Muharraq Terminal (13 minutes) and Manama Terminal (32 minutes). Bus route A1 is the only bus that runs every 20 minutes.

Bus tickets cost only 0.30 BHD per person and are available from the bus driver. It is even cheaper if you use a Go Card that you can buy from the ticket machines in the terminals. The card costs 0.50 BHD, you can top up your Go Card to a maximum balance of 50.00 BHD. The price is 0.25 BHD for a single journey. If you are in possession of a Go Card, you will never pay more than 0.60 BHD on a single day, as this is the price of a day ticket.

By Car

If you are renting a car, be aware that Bahrain's traffic can be heavy, especially during rush hour. The distance from the airport to the city centre is 8 kilometres or 5 miles, and the travel time is approximately 20 minutes.

The history of the port and its transformations

The Port of Manama, Bahrain, has undergone a series of transformations over the years, reflecting the region's historical significance and evolving trade landscape. Here is an overview of its history and key developments:

Early History and Natural Harbour (14th Century – 1950s):

The name ""Manamah" or "Al-Manamah" was first recorded around 1330 AD during the rule of the Jarwanid dynasty, when the island became a tributary of the Kingdom of Hormuz. The town of Manama was specifically mentioned in Islamic texts dating back to 1345 AD. The area has a long history as a trading centre, with evidence of human settlement on Bahrain's northern coastline dating back to the Bronze Age. The Dilmun civilisation, which inhabited the region around 3000 BC, was a key regional trading hub.

Manama Harbour, where the Mina Salman Port is now located, was a natural harbour for centuries. However, it was not suitable for large vessels, and approach channels were constructed in 1954 to improve accessibility.

Port Development and Expansion (1950s – 1960s):

In the early 1950s, extensive development and construction took place to accommodate incoming international shipping services. The Mina Salman terminal was established, and in 1958, it became a free port, allowing cost-effective entry for various international shipping services. The port's infrastructure continued to be enhanced with the construction of a pier in 1956, mainly used by dhows.

In 1962, a significant milestone was achieved with the opening of a deep-water wharf, consisting of six docking berths. For the first time, cargo ships could be directly handled at the port. This development transformed Manama into a crucial gateway for the main Bahrain Island. The port's capabilities were further augmented in the 1960s with the addition of storage facilities, refrigeration, and equipment to handle large vessels.

Overcrowding and Further Expansion (1970s – 2000s):

By the 1970s, the port faced severe overcrowding due to the increasing influx of international cargo, including construction equipment and overseas car shipping services. The Bahraini government addressed this challenge by launching expansion projects, including the inauguration of the Mina Salman Container Terminal in 1979. The port's capacity was significantly enhanced, with over 15 container berths, enabling it to handle over 2.5 million tons of cargo annually.

In 2009, the Khalifa Bin Salman Port was opened to take over main cargo operations from the Mina Salman terminal. This new port is capable of handling the largest cargo vessels, roll-on/roll-off vessels for automobile shipping, and heavy equipment shipping services.

Throughout its history, the Port of Manama has been a dynamic gateway, adapting to the changing demands of trade and contributing to the economic growth of Bahrain.

The economic importance of the port to Manama

The port of Manama, Bahrain, is of great economic importance to the city and the country as a whole. As the country's principal seaport and main point of entry for import cargo, it plays a crucial role in facilitating trade and commerce. The port has undergone significant development over the years to accommodate international shipping services, with the Mina Salman terminal opening in 1962 to allow large container vessels to dock.

The port of Manama is a major global distribution centre in the Middle East, serving as a gateway to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Its location on the Maritime Silk Road, which connects the Chinese coast to the Mediterranean, further underscores its economic significance. The port's deep-water wharf, with its 15 container berths, enables it to handle over 2.5 million tons of cargo annually, including construction equipment and automobile shipments.

The Khalifa Bin Salman Port, which opened in 2009, has further enhanced the port's capacity. It is equipped with advanced cargo screening technology, efficient customs clearance, and the capability to handle the largest cargo and roll-on/roll-off vessels. This modern facility has contributed to the port's efficiency and ability to manage the high volume of international trade passing through.

The port's economic importance to Manama is also reflected in its contribution to the city's historical and contemporary economy. During the steamship era, Manama's economy relied heavily on pearling, shipbuilding, and trade. Today, the city's economy is largely based on petroleum, heavy industry, shipping (including ship repairs), financial services, and tourism. The port's role in facilitating international trade and supporting various industries is, therefore, integral to Manama's economic prosperity and development.

The port of Manama, with its efficient infrastructure and strategic location, continues to be a vital economic hub for the city and the entire Kingdom of Bahrain. Its role in global trade and distribution has solidified Manama's position as a prominent commercial centre in the region.

The port's role as a global distribution centre

The Ports' Role as a Global Distribution Centre

Ports are an essential component of the global economy, with 70% of the world's merchandise trade by value passing through them. They serve as gateways for international shipping, facilitating the flow of goods and services across borders. As nodes within distribution networks, ports play a crucial role in managing freight flows, including the movement of cargo from the source continent to the destination continent.

The port of Manama, Bahrain, is a prime example of a global distribution centre. It is strategically located in the Persian Gulf, bordering Qatar and Saudi Arabia, and serves as the main point of entry for import cargo into Bahrain. The port has undergone significant development over the years to accommodate large vessels, including the creation of a deep-water port in 1962.

The Khalifa Bin Salman Port, which opened in 2009, is now Bahrain's primary cargo port. It is equipped with modern cargo screening technology and efficient customs clearance procedures. This port can handle the largest cargo vessels, roll-on/roll-off vessels for international automobile shipping, and heavy equipment shipping services. The Mina Salman Port, located closer to the city, is also utilised for cruise ships and was Bahrain's principal seaport before the Khalifa Bin Salman Port opened.

The ports in Manama play a vital role in global distribution by providing efficient cargo handling, advanced logistics services, and flexible customs formalities. They serve as centres of concentration, processing, consolidation, and distribution of merchandise and information. The efficient management of these ports is crucial in controlling transportation costs, delivery times, cargo security, and the reliability of logistics companies.

Additionally, the ports in Manama have strong transport links to other regions. The King Fahad Causeway connects Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, enhancing its position as a major global distribution centre in the Middle East.

In conclusion, the ports in Manama, Bahrain, serve as vital global distribution centres, facilitating trade and connecting Bahrain to the rest of the world. Their strategic location, modern infrastructure, and efficient management systems contribute to their success in distributing goods on a global scale.

Other attractions in the city

Manama, the capital of Bahrain, has a plethora of attractions for visitors. Here are some of the key highlights and other attractions in the city:

Bahrain National Museum

The country's most popular attraction, this museum offers an outstanding introduction to Bahrain's rich history, with signage in both English and Arabic. The museum houses ancient archaeological artefacts, providing valuable insights into the country's past.

Al-Fateh Grand Mosque

This grand mosque is one of the largest in the world and a top tourist site in Manama. Non-Muslims are welcome to visit and are provided with modest attire. The mosque is known for its impressive architecture, including a dome weighing over 60 tons, making it the world's largest fibreglass dome.

Bahrain International Circuit

The construction of this circuit was a national objective initiated by the Crown Prince. It hosts various sporting events, including Formula One races, and is known for its excellent facilities and clean environment.

Bab el-Bahrain Souk

Bab el-Bahrain Souk is a historical building located in the Customs Square of Manama's former central business district. It is a traditional market where you can find a variety of goods, including gold jewellery, spices, clothing, and luggage. The souk is also home to the Shri Krishna Shrine and the Gate.

The Avenues Bahrain

This waterfront shopping centre is situated along the Bahrain Bay and offers a great shopping and dining experience. It features a variety of stores, a food court, and a boat ride for visitors to enjoy.

Manama Souq

Located south of Bab Al Bahrain, Manama Souq is a warren of narrow streets and alleyways. Here, you can find a wide range of goods, including electronic items, traditional crafts, and more. It is a great place to immerse yourself in the local culture and interact with the vendors.

Beit Al Quran Mosque

This delightful little mosque is integrated within the Beit Al Quran complex and is often overlooked by visitors. It has one of the finest collections of ancient Qurans in the region, with Qurans from almost every century since the 8th century.

La Fontaine Centre for Contemporary Art

This beautiful space showcases regional and international contemporary artists with regular exhibitions. The venue is an elaborate and magnificent elaboration of a traditional Bahraini house, providing a unique setting for art appreciation.

Royal Camel Farm

The Royal Camel Farm is a unique attraction located a bit outside the city. It is open to visitors daily from sunrise to sunset, with free entry and parking. Here, you can see both male and female camels and learn about their importance in the region's culture and history.

Tree of Life

The Tree of Life stands alone on top of a sand dune in the middle of the desert. It is said to be over 400 years old and is a mysterious attraction, as no other flora can be seen nearby. Visitors can enjoy the serene setting and contemplate the tree's resilience.

Seef Mall

Seef Mall is the first authentic mall in Bahrain and continues to be a popular destination for shoppers and families. It features distinctive architecture, an indoor amusement park, and a variety of stores and dining options.

Bahrain Fort (Qal'at al-Bahrain)

Bahrain Fort, also known as Qal'at al-Bahrain, is a large fort located about 4 km from Manama. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, sitting upon an ancient tell.

These are just a few of the many attractions that Manama has to offer. Whether you're interested in history, culture, shopping, or outdoor experiences, Manama has something for everyone.

Frequently asked questions