Cocha Style Guide: Dressing For Bolivia's Weather

Cochabamba, Bolivia, is known for its spring-like temperatures all year round, so it's no surprise that its traditional dress is a little different from the rest of the country. The region's distinctive style is the pollera, a colourful, layered, pleated skirt worn by indigenous women. This outfit is usually accompanied by a manta (a brightly coloured silky shawl), a frilly blouse, a practical apron, leg warmers, and a 19th-century European bowler hat, known locally as bombin. For men, traditional dress includes light cotton trousers, ponchos, and woollen caps called chullas. While older generations still wear these outfits daily, younger people are increasingly adopting Western-style clothing, with jeans and t-shirts being the most common.

The pollera: a colourful, floor-length, voluminous skirt worn by indigenous women

The pollera is a colourful, floor-length, voluminous skirt worn by indigenous women in Bolivia. It is a traditional dress with deep cultural significance, rooted in the country's history and cultural diversity. The pollera is characterised by its full, flowing silhouette, intricate embroidery, and vibrant colours.

In Cochabamba, the pollera is known for its delicate embroidery, intricate stitching, and precise detailing. The colour palette tends to be softer, with pastel hues favoured by the women of this region. The pollera in Cochabamba embodies elegance and refinement, setting itself apart from the bolder and more vibrant styles found in other parts of Bolivia.

The history of the pollera dates back to the Spanish colonial era, when indigenous women were compelled to adopt Spanish clothing styles. However, instead of abandoning their cultural identity, these women embraced the pollera as a form of resistance and cultural preservation. Over time, the pollera became a symbol of indigenous pride and resilience, deeply connected to their ancestral roots and community.

The pollera is typically made from natural fibres such as wool, cotton, or silk. The skirt is often accompanied by a ruffled underskirt called an "enagua", adding to the overall voluminous effect. The top part of the outfit usually consists of a blouse, a cardigan, and a shawl. The jewellery chosen to accessorise the pollera is carefully selected to match the high-quality and elegant nature of the outfit.

The pollera is not just a piece of clothing; it carries a sense of identity and pride for Bolivian women. It is worn during important life events, cultural celebrations, and festivals, such as the Fiesta de la Virgen de la Candelaria and the Carnaval de Oruro. In recent years, the pollera has also made its way into the fashion industry, with contemporary designers reinterpreting this traditional garment to suit modern trends while honouring its cultural significance.

The pollera is a testament to the resilience and creativity of indigenous Bolivian women. It serves as a powerful symbol of their cultural heritage and a means to express their unique sense of style and identity.

Manta: a brightly coloured, silky shawl

The manta is a type of brightly coloured, silky shawl worn by highland Indian women of indigenous descent in Bolivia. It is usually accompanied by a pollera (a colourful, layered, pleated skirt in the style of a Spanish peasant), a frilly blouse, a practical apron, leg warmers, and a 19th-century European bowler hat, known locally as bombin. The overall effect of the outfit is very vivid and striking.

The traditional dress of Bolivia varies by region and is similar to that of nearby Peru. The pollera, in particular, stands out as an iconic symbol of Bolivian culture. It is characterised by its voluminous, floor-length skirt, intricate embroidery, and vibrant colours. Despite being imposed on indigenous women by Spanish colonial rulers, the pollera is now seen as a status symbol and a source of pride for women who identify with their indigenous heritage and roots.

In the city of Cochabamba, the pollera is known for its delicate embroidery, intricate stitches, and precise detailing. Pastel colours are often favoured, reflecting a softer and more elegant aesthetic. The hats in Cochabamba are also distinct, with a high and rectangular shape, a mid-sized brim, and, at times, a multitude of colours.

While many older women in Bolivia wear the traditional outfit for their everyday activities, younger women are increasingly adopting Western-style clothing, such as jeans and t-shirts. The traditional outfit is often reserved for special occasions, celebrations, and festivals among these younger groups. This shift is attributed to factors such as studying in larger cities, feeling more comfortable in universal styles, and the desire to blend into the crowd to avoid potential discrimination and be taken seriously in professional careers.

Clothing for the climate: it's spring-like all year round in Cochabamba

The weather in Cochabamba, Bolivia, is spring-like all year round, with mild conditions and a "highland tropical climate pattern with dry winters". The average daily high temperature is 78°F (25.6°C), rarely falling below 71°F (21.7°C) or exceeding 85°F (29.4°C). The average daily low temperature is 46°F (7.8°C), rarely falling below 41°F (5°C) or exceeding 60°F (15.6°C).

When packing for Cochabamba, it's important to consider the varying temperatures throughout the day. Here are some recommendations for clothing suitable for the spring-like climate:

• Layers – As the temperature can fluctuate, it is advisable to dress in layers. Include items such as light jackets, cardigans, or sweaters that can be easily added or removed as needed.
• Lightweight and breathable fabrics – Opt for clothing made from lightweight and breathable materials such as cotton, linen, or silk. These fabrics will help keep you cool and comfortable in the mild temperatures.
• Comfortable footwear – A good pair of walking shoes or sneakers is essential for exploring Cochabamba. The variable terrain may include cobblestone streets or uneven paths, so ensure your footwear provides adequate support and traction.
• Sun protection – The UV index in Cochabamba is relatively high throughout the year, so it's important to protect yourself from the sun. Include items such as hats, sunglasses, and lightweight long-sleeved shirts to shield yourself from excessive sun exposure.
• Rain gear – While rainfall is generally low in Cochabamba, it is still advisable to pack a lightweight raincoat or umbrella, especially if you plan to visit during the wetter months of November to April.
• Colourful options – Cochabamba is known for its vibrant culture and colourful traditional dress. While you may choose to embrace the local style, you can also pack colourful clothing options to celebrate the region's vibrant spirit.

In addition to the above recommendations, consider the activities you plan to engage in during your visit. If you intend to participate in outdoor activities such as hiking or exploring local markets, pack appropriate clothing that offers comfort and ease of movement.

When packing for Cochabamba, it is essential to be mindful of the cultural significance of clothing in Bolivia. The country has a rich cultural heritage, and each region has its distinct style. Embracing and respecting the local culture through your clothing choices can enhance your connection with the local community and demonstrate your appreciation for their traditions.

Traditional clothing for men: light cotton trousers, ponchos, chullas (woollen caps)

The traditional clothing of men in Bolivia varies across the country's many cultures and ethnic groups. In general, indigenous Bolivian men wear light cotton trousers, ponchos, and chullas (woollen caps). These items are often accompanied by sandals or bare feet.

The clothing of the Quechua people, native to the Bolivian highlands, is colourful but very simple. Men typically wear a short rectangular tunic, with a strip of cloth, called a 'taparrabos', to cover their backside. In winter, they wear a cape made of alpaca fibre. Social class distinctions can be observed in the colours and fabrics used, as well as in the way the clothing is decorated. The lower noble classes, for instance, wore an embroidered chulo (a woven winter cap with earflaps) as a symbol of social status.

In the departments of Potosí and Chuquisaca, men typically wear straight trousers, usually of a raw fibre or black colour, along with a rectangular shirt made of wool. Their footwear of choice is the abarca, a type of flat sandal made from leather or rubber. Men from Potosí also wear a very colourful belt around their waists. Meanwhile, indigenous men from Chuquisaca wear wide-legged straight trousers that are cut slightly below the knee, along with a wool shirt under a colourful poncho with multicoloured horizontal stripes.

In the Bolivian lowlands and Chaco region, the clothing of indigenous men was historically quite minimal. They wore a sheath or 'carcaj' to cover their groin, and sometimes nothing at all. When the Jesuit priests arrived from Europe in the 17th century, they imposed a new style of dress: a long, sleeveless, cream-coloured cotton tunic that reached the ankles, along with the "abarcas" footwear.

In modern times, Bolivian men generally wear the same clothing as in the Western world. Traditional clothing is usually reserved for festivities, religious ceremonies, dances, and other events. However, in rural areas and among older generations, traditional dress is still worn in everyday life.

Modern clothing for women: jeans, t-shirts, sleeveless tops, skirts

When it comes to modern clothing for women in Cochabamba, Bolivia, jeans, t-shirts, sleeveless tops, and skirts are all viable options. While traditional Bolivian clothing is still prevalent in the region, many women, especially the younger generation, are embracing Western-style attire. Here are some guidelines and tips for incorporating these pieces into your wardrobe:

Jeans

Jeans are a versatile and comfortable option for women in Cochabamba. When selecting a pair, consider a style that is loose-fitting, as this can make activities like riding the Mi Teleférico cable car in La Paz or exploring the city more enjoyable. Additionally, the temperature can dip below 60°F during the day, so pairing your jeans with a jacket or a sweater is recommended.

T-shirts

T-shirts are a staple in any wardrobe, and they are widely worn in Bolivia. Opt for breathable fabrics, especially if you plan to visit the warmer regions of the country. You can find t-shirts in various styles, from crewnecks to V-necks, and in a range of colours and patterns.

Sleeveless Tops

Sleeveless tops are ideal for warmer weather, and they can be dressed up or down depending on the occasion. If you're visiting Cochabamba, which is known for its refined and delicate embroidery, consider incorporating a sleeveless top with intricate stitching or detailing. This way, you can embrace the local culture while staying cool in the potentially warm climate.

Skirts

Skirts can be a great option for women in Bolivia, offering both comfort and style. The length of the skirt can vary depending on your preference, but keep in mind that shorter skirts may be more suitable for the warmer regions. If you want to incorporate a touch of the local culture, consider a skirt with embroidered designs or vibrant colours.

In addition to these pieces, don't forget to pack comfortable shoes, such as sneakers or flat shoes, which are ideal for walking on varied terrain. Cochabamba is known for its unique blend of cultural influences, so feel free to mix and match modern clothing with traditional accessories like a "manta" (a brightly coloured silky shawl) or a bowler hat to add a touch of local flavour to your outfits.

Frequently asked questions