
Australia is ranked as a Top 20 global military power, with a Power Index score of 0.3298. However, few young Australians consider joining the military, and the Australian Defence Force (ADF) has to compete with private sector firms that can offer higher salaries. The ADF comprises permanent and active reserve personnel, with the Army being the largest service. In the 2023-24 financial year, 5,297 people enlisted in the ADF on a permanent basis, but 5,422 left, resulting in a net loss of 125 people. According to the 2021 Census, 3.5% of Townsville's population were current ADF members, the highest proportion in Australia.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Total number of people who have ever served in the ADF | 581,100 (2.8% of the Australian population aged 15 years and over) |
| Number of people who joined the ADF on a permanent basis in 2023-24 | 5,297 |
| Number of people who left the ADF in 2023-24 | 5,422 |
| Net change in ADF personnel in 2023-24 | -125 |
| Percentage of ADF members who identify as having Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin | 3.7% |
| Number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples currently serving in the ADF | 3,159-3,160 |
| Percentage of ADF members who are male | 76% |
| Percentage of ADF members aged 15-64 | 100% |
| Percentage of ADF members who are not religious | Not specified, but has increased considerably over recent years |
| Percentage of the usual resident population (aged 15+) in Townsville who are currently serving in the ADF | 3.5% |
| Number of previous service members in Townsville | 8,660 |
| Number of current ADF members in North Canberra | 2,610 |
| Number of current ADF members in Rockingham | 2,240 |
| Number of current ADF members in Gungahlin | 2,050 |
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What You'll Learn

Indigenous Australians made up 2% of ADF personnel in 2015
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is facing a manpower situation due to population ageing and fewer young Australians considering joining the military. As of 30 June 2024, the ADF comprised 57,226 permanent and 32,560 active reserve personnel. During the 2023-24 financial year, 5,297 people enlisted in the ADF on a permanent basis.
In 2015, Indigenous Australians made up around 2% of ADF personnel. This percentage was smaller than the Indigenous share of the total Australian population. While Indigenous Australians faced enlistment restrictions until the 1970s, hundreds joined the military during the world wars when restrictions were reduced. By 1992, the representation of Indigenous Australians in the ADF was equivalent to their proportion of the Australian population. However, they remain underrepresented among the officer corps.
Two of the Army's three Regional Force Surveillance Units, NORFORCE and the 51st Battalion, Far North Queensland Regiment, are primarily made up of Indigenous Australian reservists. According to the 2021 Census, 3,159 (3.7%) of currently serving ADF members identified as having Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origins. In contrast, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples comprised 2.7% of those aged 15 and over who had never served in the ADF.
The 2021 Census data provides valuable insights into the characteristics of both current and former ADF members, aiding in delivering better services and support for veterans and their families. Townsville, North Canberra, Rockingham, and Gungahlin are among the areas with the highest numbers of currently serving ADF members.
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5,297 people enlisted in the ADF in 2023-24
During the 2023-24 financial year, 5,297 people enlisted in the ADF on a permanent basis. This is a notable figure, as it represents a significant number of individuals choosing to pursue a military career in Australia.
The ADF, or Australian Defence Force, is an important component of the country's defence and security apparatus. It comprises the Royal Australian Navy, the Australian Army, and the Royal Australian Air Force. Each of these branches plays a crucial role in safeguarding Australia's sovereignty and interests.
The ADF has a proud history, with its origins dating back to the early 20th century. Over the years, it has participated in numerous conflicts and peacekeeping operations worldwide, contributing to global stability. The ADF is also known for its diversity, including Indigenous Australians within its ranks, who, as of 2015, made up around 2% of ADF personnel.
The enlistment of 5,297 individuals in 2023-24 is a significant development for the ADF. It indicates a continued interest among Australians in serving their country through military service. However, it is worth noting that during the same period, 5,422 people left the ADF, resulting in a net loss of 125 personnel. This highlights the challenges faced by the ADF in retaining members, possibly due to competition from the private sector, which can offer higher salaries.
Overall, the ADF remains a vital institution in Australia, and the enlistment of 5,297 people in 2023-24 underscores the ongoing appeal of military service for many Australians.
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581,100 people have ever served in the ADF
According to the 2021 Census, a total of 581,100 people have ever served in the ADF, accounting for 2.8% of the Australian population aged 15 years and over. This number includes both current and former ADF members. Of these individuals, 60,300, or 10.4%, were actively serving in the Regular service, while 24,600, or 4.2%, were serving in the Reserves. The remaining 496,300 individuals, or 85.4%, had previously served but were no longer active in the ADF.
The ADF, established in 1976, is the unified military organisation responsible for defending Australia and its national interests. It consists of three branches: the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), the Australian Army, and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). As of 2024, the ADF had approximately 90,000 personnel, including both permanent and active reserve members.
The 2021 Census revealed that Townsville, QLD, had the highest number of current and previous ADF service members of any region, with 5,500 current and 8,700 former service members. One in twenty Australian households (5.3%) reported having at least one ADF member, either currently serving or previously served. The Census also showed that individuals with a history of ADF service were more likely to have volunteered in the previous 12 months (21%) compared to those without such service (15%).
The ADF faces challenges due to population ageing, resulting in slower economic growth and increased government expenditure. Additionally, the ADF competes with private sector firms for recruits, as they can offer higher salaries. The representation of Indigenous Australians in the ADF has improved over time, reaching equivalent levels to their proportion of the Australian population in 1992. However, they remain underrepresented among the officer corps.
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3.5% of Townsville's population were serving in the ADF
Townsville, a city on the north-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia, has a population of 201,313 as of 2024. It is the largest settlement in North Queensland and Northern Australia.
The city has a diverse economy, with significant industries including retail trade, health and education services, government administration, defence, construction, mining, manufacturing, and property and business services.
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is made up of the Australian Army, the Royal Australian Navy, and the Royal Australian Air Force. As of 30 June 2024, the ADF comprised 57,226 permanent (full-time) and 32,560 active reserve (part-time) personnel. During the 2023-24 financial year, 5,297 people enlisted in the ADF on a permanent basis.
According to the 2021 Census, 3.5% of Townsville's population aged 15 years and over were currently serving in the ADF. This is significantly higher than the national average, with ADF current service members accounting for less than 1% (0.4%) of the total Australian population.
Townsville also had the highest number of previous service members of any regional area, with 8,660 people accounting for 5.6% of Townsville's population aged 15 years and over.
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The Australian Army's initial recruitment in 1914 was 52,561 men
The Australian Army was formed in 1901 through the amalgamation of the colonial forces of Australia following the Federation of Australia. The First Australian Imperial Force (AIF) was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during World War I.
The Australian Army's involvement in World War I was significant, with over 324,000 Australians serving overseas between 1914 and 1918. Two-thirds of these soldiers became casualties, and their experiences had long-lasting effects on them, their families, and society. The AIF played a crucial role in the war effort, and its initial recruitment of 52,561 men provided a substantial contribution to the Australian military's strength during that time.
In addition to the AIF, the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (ANMEF) was also raised in 1914, with a strength of 1,000 enlisted men and 500 naval reservists and ex-sailors serving as infantry. The ANMEF dealt with the issue of German Pacific holdings and secured German New Guinea, with no German outposts left in the Pacific by November 1914.
The Australian Army has continued to play an important role in defending Australia's interests and contributing to international conflicts. As of 2021, approximately 3.7% of all currently serving ADF members were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and the representation of Indigenous Australians in the ADF has grown over the years.
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Frequently asked questions
As of 30 June 2024, the ADF comprised 57,226 permanent (full-time) and 32,560 active reserve (part-time) personnel, for a total of 89,786.
During the 2023-24 financial year, 5,297 people enlisted in the ADF on a permanent basis. However, this number does not include those who joined the active reserve (part-time).
According to the 2021 Census, 2.8% of the Australian population aged 15 years and over had ever served in the ADF. This includes both current and previous service members.




























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