Exploring Bolivia: A Local's Travel Guide

Bolivia is a diverse and intriguing nation in South America, offering a wealth of authentic travel experiences. However, it is important to exercise caution when travelling in Bolivia due to the threat of violent crime and the risk of civil unrest. Political and civil tensions are common, and large-scale demonstrations and protests can occur with little warning, leading to travel disruptions. To get around this, locals tend to use a variety of public transportation options, including radio taxis, independent taxis, trufis, minis, and micros. These are often the safest options as travellers are less likely to be targeted by criminals when surrounded by other people. When it comes to long-distance travel, buses are the cheapest and easiest way to get between cities, especially the overnight buses which allow travellers to save on accommodation costs. However, it is important to keep valuables close when using public transportation in Bolivia as theft is common.

Local transport: radio taxis, independent taxis, trufis, micros, and minibuses

Local transport in Bolivia can be chaotic and difficult to understand for travellers. It is important to be vigilant when using local transport, as crime is common on public transportation and at transportation hubs.

Radio Taxis

Radio taxis, or "radiomoviles", are a safe way to travel in Bolivia. They are identifiable by the telephone number and name of the taxi company on the vehicle's roof. They can be contacted by phone and will pick you up from your location. Radio taxis are more expensive than other forms of local transport, costing between 1 and 10 USD depending on the distance.

Independent Taxis

Independent taxis, or "taxis particulares", are privately-owned cabs that are not always clearly marked. They are usually identified by a small cardboard TAXI sign on the front windscreen. These taxis are not equipped with radios or meters, so there may be no way to call for help if you experience any problems during your journey. It is recommended to discuss pricing with the driver before getting into an independent taxi and to pay with exact change or small bills.

Trufis

Trufis are a type of collective taxi that follows a predetermined route. They can be identified by the two small flags flying on the front hood of the car and the sign displaying its route. They are usually mini-vans or SUVs and are coloured by route. They are the cheapest form of taxi in Bolivia but can become cramped as they often pack in more people than they should.

Micros

Micros are big, colourful buses. They are usually painted red and are similar to buses found in other countries. Most people know which bus numbers go where and wave at the driver to get on. To get off, you need to say "Voy a bajar por favor" or "A la equina por favor", which means "I'm going to get off please" or "At the corner, please".

Minibuses

Minibuses are a common form of transport in the cities of La Paz and El Alto. The route is displayed on a sign that hangs from the windshield. They are characterised by the presence of a "voceador", who collects fees and announces the route and destination.

Protests and civil unrest: roadblocks, strikes, demonstrations, and violence

Protests and civil unrest are not uncommon in Bolivia, and they can sometimes turn violent. It is best for foreigners to stay out of these situations as they can be unpredictable and dangerous. Here are some things to keep in mind:

• Stay informed about the political situation in the country and be aware of any protests or demonstrations that may be taking place.
• Avoid areas where protests or demonstrations are taking place, as they can turn violent quickly.
• Follow the advice of local authorities and stay away from blocked roads and areas with a heavy police or military presence.
• Be prepared for transport disruptions and delays, as protests often result in roadblocks and strikes.
• Do not attempt to cross blockades or join counter-protester marches, as this can be dangerous.
• Keep yourself informed about alternative routes and means of transportation in case of transport disruptions.
• Always carry your valuables with you and be cautious of your surroundings.
• Enrol in your embassy's safe traveller program to stay updated on travel advisories and security alerts.
• Avoid discussing political topics or expressing political opinions in public, as this could make you a target.
• If you find yourself in the middle of a protest or civil unrest, remain calm, discreet, and try to leave the area as quickly as possible. Do not take photos or videos, and do not wear clothing that could be associated with any political group.
• 2019 Bolivian Protests: Also known as the Pitita Revolution, these protests occurred between October 21, 2019, and late November 2019. They were in response to claims of electoral fraud in the 2019 general election. The majority of the demonstrations were peaceful, but there were also acts of violence, including the death and injury of opposition protesters.
• Transport Workers' Protests: In July 2024, transport workers in several areas of Bolivia, including Oruro, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and Sucre, launched protests and built roadblocks, demanding access to diesel and foreign currency. These protests caused significant transport disruptions and led to clashes between demonstrators and police.
• Other Incidents: Bolivia has also experienced other instances of civil unrest, such as healthcare workers blocking transport at a border crossing in Yacuiba and unionized activists protesting in Cochabamba to denounce the depreciating currency.

Crime: theft, express kidnappings, and drug-related crime

Crime is a significant concern in Bolivia, with a range of issues such as theft, violent crimes, drug-related offences, and express kidnappings posing risks to locals and travellers alike.

Theft is a common occurrence in large cities like La Paz and Santa Cruz, with tourists frequently targeted in these areas. Tourists are advised to take precautions such as using reputable taxi companies or trusted ride-sharing apps instead of hailing taxis on the street, and avoiding displays of wealth or carrying large sums of money. It is also important to remain vigilant and aware of one's surroundings, especially in crowded places or when using public transportation, where thieves often operate in groups to distract and steal from unsuspecting victims.

Express kidnappings, where victims are forced to pay a small, immediate ransom, are another concern in Bolivia. These crimes are often carried out by criminal taxi drivers who pick up passengers and then stop to collect associates. The victims are then forced to withdraw funds from ATMs or arrange for ransom payments from family or friends. Such kidnappings are committed by organised gangs and occur throughout the country, targeting both locals and foreign travellers.

Drug-related crime, particularly cocaine trafficking, has long been an issue in Bolivia, with the country being a significant grower and exporter of coca, the base material for cocaine. While the government has made efforts to eradicate coca cultivation and combat drug trafficking, the problem persists, and drug-related violence and corruption remain serious concerns. The Chapare region between Santa Cruz and Cochabamba, the Yungas region northeast of La Paz, and border areas are particularly affected by drug-related crime and civil unrest.

To minimise the risk of becoming a victim of crime in Bolivia, it is essential to stay informed about local issues, follow authorities' instructions, and take appropriate safety precautions.

Health: altitude sickness, insect-borne diseases, and waterborne diseases

Altitude Sickness

Bolivia's capital, La Paz, is located at 3,640 meters above sea level, making it the highest capital city in the world. The high altitude in Bolivia, with an average of 5,100 meters above sea level, can cause altitude sickness, also known as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). Symptoms of AMS include headache, loss of appetite, trouble sleeping, weakness, dizziness, and increased urination. In extreme cases, AMS can lead to High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACO or HACE) and High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPO or HAPE), which are both serious and potentially life-threatening conditions. To prevent altitude sickness, it is recommended to ascend gradually, allowing your body to adjust to the change in altitude. Other preventative measures include staying hydrated, eating carbohydrates, and avoiding overexertion.

Insect-Borne Diseases

Insect-borne diseases are a concern in Bolivia, particularly those transmitted by mosquitoes. Some of the diseases prevalent in Bolivia include:

• Oropouche virus disease: Symptoms include fever, severe joint pain, headaches, muscle pain, nausea, fatigue, and skin rashes.
• Dengue fever: Causes fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains, nausea, and a rash.
• Malaria: Found in tropical areas of Bolivia, this disease can cause fever, malaise, nausea, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, and, in rare cases, liver failure.
• Yellow fever: A mosquito-borne disease that can cause fever, headache, and chills.

Waterborne Diseases

Waterborne diseases are also a risk in Bolivia due to sanitation issues. Some of the waterborne diseases to be aware of include:

• Bacterial diarrhea
• Hepatitis A
• Typhoid fever
• Cholera: This disease can cause fever, abdominal pain, headaches, and constipation or diarrhoea.
• Leptospirosis: A water contact disease.

Scams: fake police, fake victims, and drink spiking

When traveling locally in Bolivia, it is important to be aware of potential scams and dangers to ensure your safety and a pleasant trip. One common scam to be aware of is that of fake police. This scam usually involves individuals impersonating police officers and demanding money or valuables from tourists. They may accuse you of some made-up crime or infraction and request a bribe to avoid further trouble. To avoid this scam, it is important to know your rights and understand that legitimate police officers will not ask for bribes. Always ask to see an officer's identification and insist on going to the nearest police station if you have any doubts.

Another scam to watch out for is the fake victim scam. This often involves individuals pretending to be in distress and asking for help, often by feigning injury or claiming to have been robbed. While Bolivians are generally very helpful and friendly, these scams do occur, and it is important to be cautious. To avoid this scam, try not to get too close to the supposed victim and do not offer any personal belongings or money. Suggest getting help from a nearby authority or offer to call emergency services, and pay attention to the individual's reaction—a scammer may become aggressive or insistent, whereas a genuine person in need would likely appreciate your offer of assistance.

Drink spiking is also a concern in Bolivia, as it is in many countries. Always keep an eye on your drink, and if you need to leave it unattended, even for a moment, order a new one. Be wary of accepting drinks from strangers, and if you feel strange or disoriented after drinking, seek help immediately and inform someone you trust. To be extra cautious, stick to bottled drinks that are sealed, and, if possible, open them yourself.

In general, use your better judgment and be aware of your surroundings at all times. Keep your valuables secure and out of sight, and try not to carry all your money or important documents with you when exploring. Leave a copy of your passport and travel itinerary with someone you trust, and consider registering with your embassy so they know how to reach you in an emergency. By being informed and taking some simple precautions, you can greatly reduce your chances of encountering any issues and ensure a memorable trip for all the right reasons.

Some additional tips include using official and registered tour guides and transportation, as well as researching typical scamming techniques used in the areas you plan to visit. Knowing some basic Spanish can also help, as it will enable you to communicate directly with local authorities and understand any official procedures should you encounter any issues. Remember to stay vigilant, but also embrace the warmth and hospitality that Bolivia has to offer.

Frequently asked questions