Belize's Stance On Gay Marriage: Recognition And Rights

Belize is a socially conservative country with a strong religious presence, and same-sex marriage is not recognised by the legal system. While same-sex sexual activity was decriminalised in 2016, public displays of affection between same-sex couples are still frowned upon. Despite this, Belize has become an increasingly popular destination for LGBT travellers, particularly San Pedro, Ambergris Caye, which is known for its thriving gay nightlife during the high season.

Belize's anti-sodomy law

> "Every person who has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any person ... shall be liable to imprisonment for 10 years."

It was argued that homosexuality itself was not illegal, but that any sexual act that was not "the sexual congress of a phallus inserted into a vagina" was illegal. This included oral sex, anal sex between heterosexual or homosexual persons, and masturbation.

The law was challenged by Caleb Orozco, a prominent LGBTQ+ rights advocate and executive director of UNIBAM, Belize's first LGBT advocacy group. Orozco argued that the anti-sodomy law violated his constitutional rights. The case was supported by the International Commission of Jurists, the Commonwealth Lawyers' Association, and the Human Dignity Trust.

In January 2012, the Roman Catholic Church, the Belize Church of England Corporate Body, and the Evangelical Association of Churches argued that UNIBAM had no standing to bring the case. The court agreed and struck out UNIBAM as a claimant. However, in December 2012, Justice Arana granted UNIBAM "interested party" status.

The case was heard by the Supreme Court of Judicature in May 2013, during which LGBT activists received violence and death threats. On August 10, 2016, Chief Justice Kenneth Benjamin ruled that Section 53 contravened constitutional protections of equality, dignity, and personal privacy. Benjamin ordered that the Criminal Code be amended to specify that the section:

> "shall not apply to consensual sexual acts between adults."

He further clarified that the term “sex” in the Constitution includes sexual orientation and that the Constitution prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation.

The Appeals Court upheld the ruling in December 2019, marking a significant step towards recognizing the rights of LGBT individuals in Belize.

Public displays of affection

While Belize has made progress in recent years to protect the rights of LGBTQ+ people, it is still a relatively conservative country that has yet to legalize same-sex marriage. The country has a vibrant LGBTQ+ community and organisations that support it, and is generally a safe and exciting destination for queer travellers. However, LGBTQ+ travellers should be mindful of public displays of affection and be aware of the cultural norms to ensure a safe and harassment-free trip.

Belize has a strong religious presence, and religious leaders can be outspoken in their opposition to LGBTQ+ rights. The majority religion is Christianity, and it is possible that those who are religious are anti-LGBTQ+ and may say or do things that reflect their views and beliefs.

While the Belize Tourism Board has taken active steps to promote the country as an inclusive destination, and the police are usually responsive to reports of discrimination and harassment, it is important to remember that LGBTQ+ people in Belize can still experience discrimination and it is important to take safety precautions. There are sometimes instances of verbal and physical abuse on the streets, so LGBTQ+ travellers should be cautious when travelling alone and should stay in well-lit, populated areas at night.

It is also recommended that LGBTQ+ people do not use dating apps in Belize due to conservative attitudes toward gender and sexuality. However, there are LGBTQ+ people in Belize who do date, so if you want to meet up with someone you met online, be sure to really know who you are meeting and consider letting someone you trust know where you are going and who you are meeting.

LGBT rights and issues

Belize is a socially conservative country with a significant religious population, including a large number of Prussian Mennonites, who are among the most traditional and conservative groups in the country. While same-sex sexual activity was decriminalised in 2016, same-sex marriage is not legally recognised in Belize. The country's legal system does not recognise same-sex marriages or civil unions. However, resorts and wedding planners in Belize often have experience with same-sex ceremonies and can help create a welcoming and encouraging atmosphere for LGBT couples.

Belize made headlines in 2016 when it became the first former British colony in the Caribbean to overturn its anti-sodomy law, which had criminalised LGBT activity. This change was largely due to the efforts of LGBT and human rights activist Caleb Orozco, who successfully challenged the law in the Supreme Court, arguing that it violated his constitutional rights. Despite this progress, LGBT individuals in Belize still face legal challenges and discrimination. The country's constitution grants fundamental rights and forbids discrimination based on various factors, but it does not explicitly include sexual orientation or gender identity.

In terms of societal attitudes, recent surveys in Belize have revealed a mixed response towards LGBTQ+ rights and issues. While there is some acceptance and tolerance, public displays of same-sex affection are still considered rare and somewhat shocking. Local writer Colette Kase notes that things are "slowly but surely improving" for the LGBT community in Belize, and LGBT expats are generally welcome. San Pedro, Ambergris Caye, is known as the most gay-friendly destination in the country, with a thriving gay nightlife scene during the high season. LGBT-owned and operated businesses are also openly present in this area.

Belize has a significant LGBT tourism industry, with many resorts hosting LGBT events and some specifically marketing to LGBT visitors. While LGBT tourists should be mindful of local traditions and customs, they are unlikely to face discrimination or unpleasantness as long as they remain respectful. It is important to note that public displays of affection, regardless of sexual orientation, are generally discouraged in Belize. LGBT tourists can also connect with local LGBT community groups to find welcoming friends and gain a better understanding of the local culture.

Belize's constitution

The Belize Constitution was established in 1981 and is the supreme law of Belize. It outlines the nation's commitment to democracy, human rights, and freedom. The constitution establishes Belize as a sovereign democratic state in Central America, with a multi-party system and a democratically elected government. It also guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms for all Belizeans, including freedom of speech, assembly, religion, and protection from discrimination. The constitution outlines the structure and powers of the government, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, and establishes independent institutions such as the Belize Advisory Council and the Public Services Commission. It also provides for the protection of human dignity, equality, and social justice. The constitution can be amended by a two-thirds majority vote in the National Assembly, with certain provisions requiring a higher threshold.

LGBT tourism

Belize does not recognise same-sex marriage. However, it has been a popular tourist destination for the LGBT community for a long time. In 2016, Belize became the first former British colony in the Caribbean to overturn its anti-sodomy law, which had criminalised LGBT activity. This law, though rarely enforced, had created a climate of intolerance towards gay and lesbian Belizeans.

Belize's tourism industry has a significant number of LGBT service providers, and many resorts host LGBT events. Some now market specifically to LGBT visitors. San Pedro, Ambergris Caye, is considered the most gay-friendly destination in Belize. There are no specific gay or lesbian locations, but the bars, restaurants, and clubs cater to everybody. During the high season, there is a thriving gay nightlife scene. LGBT Belizeans and expats own and run many businesses in San Pedro openly.

While there is no local gay scene, and no advertised gay venues, clubs, or events, there are gay-friendly nightlife options in San Pedro's tourist areas, Ambergris Caye, and Caye Caulker. Ambergris Caye is the most populated area for tourists in the country, and a romantic and adventurous destination. There are luxurious accommodations, gorgeous swimming pools, and adrenaline-pumping activities like diving, snorkelling, and sailing.

Belize's natural beauty is one of its best attractions. The Blue Hole, the Turneffe Atolls, and the Cayes (islands) offer plenty of outdoor activities. The Blue Hole, one of the 7 Natural Wonders of the World, is a unique underwater sinkhole located near the centre of Lighthouse Reef. The Belize Barrier Reef, located less than a quarter of a mile off the Cayes, is another popular spot for diving, snorkelling, and sailing.

Attitudes Towards LGBT Community

Belize is a religiously and socially conservative nation, with a significant population of Prussian Mennonites, who are among the most traditional and conservative on the mainland. While the country has made strides towards LGBT acceptance, with the first Pride Week held in 2017, local attitudes are still largely opposed to homosexuality. Public displays of affection are generally frowned upon, regardless of sexual orientation. LGBT travellers should be discreet and mindful of the country's attitudes and local traditions.

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