Mosquitoes In Austria: What's The Real Buzz?

Mosquitoes are a common problem in Austria, with travellers reporting bites in cities like Salzburg and Vienna, as well as in the Austrian Alps. The Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus, is an invasive species that has been spreading across Austria since its first documentation in 2011. This species is a day biter, highly reproductive, and tolerant of different climates, which has contributed to its uncontrolled spread. Aedes albopictus, or the Asian tiger mosquito, is another invasive species that has been reported in Austria, particularly in the province of Tyrol. These mosquitoes are known to transmit various pathogens and can pose a risk to public health.

Mosquitoes in the Austrian mountains

Mosquitoes are indeed present in the Austrian mountains, including the Austrian Alps. Travellers to the region have reported varying levels of mosquito activity, with some claiming that mosquitoes are always around on warm summer nights, and others stating that they never saw a single mosquito during their trip.

The Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus, is an invasive species that has been spreading across Europe, including Austria, since its arrival on the continent a few years ago. This species is a day biter, highly reproductive, and extremely tolerant of different climates, which has contributed to its rapid spread. Aedes japonicus has been documented in several regions of Austria, including southern, southwestern, and western areas, and was recently found in Tyrol for the first time.

In addition to Aedes japonicus, other mosquito species found in Austria include Aedes albopictus and Aedes koreicus. These species are known to transmit various pathogens and have been the subject of surveillance programs aiming to monitor their presence and prevent their establishment.

To protect yourself from mosquitoes in the Austrian mountains, it is recommended to use insect repellent when engaging in outdoor activities such as walking or hiking. Staying at higher altitudes above 2200 meters may also help reduce mosquito exposure, as they are less common in these areas.

The Asian bush mosquito

The success of the invasion of Aedes japonicus is due to several factors, including its ability to withstand long-distance dispersal, tolerance of a broad range of environmental conditions, and high reproductive potential. This species is highly tolerant of cooler, temperate climates and can adapt to both natural habitats such as mountain regions and the infrastructure of human settlements. Aedes japonicus can be found in forested areas and is a day biter, but is reluctant to bite humans. It has a preference for mammalian blood, including humans and deer, but will also bite birds.

Aedes japonicus is a known vector of several arboviruses, including the West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus. It has also been shown to be a competent vector of chikungunya, dengue, Eastern equine encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, and Zika viruses in laboratory conditions. While Aedes japonicus is not considered a significant disease vector in its native range, there is concern that it could become involved in the transmission of North American arboviruses as it continues to spread.

The risk of mosquito-borne diseases

Mosquitoes are indeed present in Austria, with some sources stating that they are always around on warm summer nights. Travellers to the country have reported varying experiences with mosquitoes, with some claiming that mosquito bites were a problem and others saying they had no mosquito bites at all.

In recent years, mosquito-borne diseases have become an increasing risk in Europe, including Austria. The Aedes albopictus mosquito, which can carry dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, has established itself in several European countries, including Austria. This species is spreading further north, east, and west in Europe, taking advantage of favourable conditions created by climate change. The number of dengue cases imported to the EU/EEA from endemic regions has been rising, and local outbreaks of dengue and the West Nile virus are also increasing. In 2023, there were 130 locally acquired cases of dengue reported in the EU/EEA, a significant increase from previous years. Additionally, in 2022, there were 71 locally acquired dengue cases in mainland Europe, and 1,133 human cases of West Nile virus, the majority of which were acquired in Europe.

To protect against mosquito-borne diseases, experts recommend taking personal protective measures such as using insect repellent, wearing clothes that cover most of the body, and sleeping in air-conditioned rooms. It is also important to remove sources of standing water, where mosquitoes breed, and to increase awareness of the risks and protective measures among the public.

Mosquitoes in Austrian cities

Mosquitoes are indeed present in Austrian cities, including Vienna and Salzburg. Travellers to Austria have reported varying levels of mosquito activity, with some claiming that mosquitoes are "always around on warm summer nights" and others stating that they "never saw one" during their trip. However, it is important to note that mosquito activity can vary depending on the time of year and specific location.

In recent years, Austria has seen the emergence of invasive mosquito species such as the Asian bush mosquito (*Aedes japonicus*) and the Asian tiger mosquito (*Aedes albopictus*). These species are known for their high reproductive potential and ability to bite during the day, even outside of the summer months. The Asian bush mosquito, in particular, was first documented in Austria in 2011 and has since established itself in southern, southwestern, and western regions of the country.

The presence of these invasive species has increased the importance of mosquitoes for public health in Europe. These alien species are competent vectors of important human pathogens, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, which autochthonous mosquitoes are not known to transmit. As a result, mosquito monitoring programs have been implemented in Austria to track the spread of these invasive species and mitigate their potential impact on public health.

To protect yourself from mosquito bites in Austrian cities, it is recommended to use insect repellent when spending time outdoors, especially in large parks or suburban areas. Keeping windows closed or using air conditioning in your accommodation can also help reduce the risk of mosquito bites while sleeping.

In summary, while mosquitoes are present in Austrian cities, the level of mosquito activity can vary depending on location and time of year. The emergence of invasive mosquito species in Austria has increased the importance of mosquito monitoring and public health precautions to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Taking appropriate precautions, such as using insect repellent and keeping windows closed, can help reduce the risk of mosquito bites during your stay in Austrian cities.

Preventing mosquito bites in Austria

Austria is home to about 50 different species of mosquitoes, including the Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus, and the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes are not only a nuisance but can also carry dangerous diseases. Luckily, there are several ways to prevent mosquito bites when visiting Austria.

Avoid Mosquito Breeding Grounds

Mosquitoes breed in boggy areas, dried-out terrain in floodplains, and small pools of water. To avoid mosquito bites, it is best to stay away from these areas. If you encounter small pools of water, such as puddles, rain barrels, or water-filled tires, either cover them, fill them with sand, or empty them.

Wear Protective Clothing

Mosquitoes are attracted to body heat, carbon dioxide in the breath, body odor, and perfume. To avoid attracting mosquitoes, wear long, light-colored clothing when spending time outdoors, especially when walking in the woods. Avoid wearing strong perfumes or cosmetics with strong fragrances.

Use Insect Repellent

Apply insect repellent to exposed skin when spending time outdoors, especially in the warmer months when mosquitoes are most active. Products containing 20% or more DEET offer the best protection against mosquito bites and can last for several hours. Picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, and para-menthane-diol are also effective ingredients in mosquito repellents. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions when using insect repellent.

Use Fine-Mesh Screens

If you are staying in a hotel or vacation rental, ensure that the windows and doors have fine-mesh screens to keep mosquitoes out. Air conditioning can also help keep mosquitoes away.

Additional Tips

• Keep your environment clean and tidy to avoid attracting mosquitoes.
• Use mosquito nets when sleeping outdoors or in accommodations that are not fully sealed.
• Avoid going outside during dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.

Frequently asked questions