Exploring Austria: Is German A Must-Know For Tourists?

Austria is a German-speaking country, but do you need to know German to visit? The answer is no. While it may be helpful to know some German, as it is the country's official language, Austria has a well-developed transportation system and is generally a safe place to travel, even if you don't speak the local language. However, if you have studied German and want to test your skills in Austria, be aware that the German spoken in Austria is not the same variety as the dialect used in Germany. There are regional variations and differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar that may catch you off guard. So, if you want to use your German language skills effectively during your trip to Austria, some extra preparation and familiarity with the local dialect may be beneficial.

Austrians speak German, but it's not the same variety as the dialect used in Germany

Austrians speak German, but it is not the same variety as the dialect used in Germany. Austrian German is the official language of Austria and is quite similar to Standard German, which is mutually intelligible. However, there are some notable differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.

Austrian German has a distinct accent, and its pronunciation rules differ from those of Standard German, resulting in a unique Austrian tone. The vowels in Austrian German are often prolonged, giving it a distinctive sing-song quality. Additionally, the letter 'r' is trilled, similar to the rolling 'r' in Spanish. The letter 'g' at the beginning of a word is often pronounced as a /k/ sound, as in the word 'gemacht' (made), which would be pronounced as /ke-MAKT/ in Austrian German.

In terms of vocabulary, Austrian German has a smaller set of words than Standard German, and many words have different meanings in the two varieties. For example, Austrians use the word "Semmel" for a small round bread roll, while Germans use "Brötchen." Another example is the word for "potato," which is "Erdapfel" in Austrian German and "Kartoffeln" in Standard German.

There are also some grammatical differences between Austrian German and Standard German. Verb placement can vary between the two varieties, and feminine nouns often have different endings. For instance, the perfect tense in Austrian German sometimes uses "sein" ("to be") instead of "haben" ("to have"), which is more common in Standard German.

Despite these differences, most Austrians can easily understand Standard German when spoken slowly and clearly. Similarly, Germans can usually understand Austrian German, although they may need some time to adjust to the accent and vocabulary differences.

Austrians use the greeting Grüß Gott (May God greet you), which is related to the country's deep-rooted Catholicism

Austria is a predominantly Catholic country, with 50.6% of the population identifying as Roman Catholic in 2023. This is a decrease from 2017, when 57.9% of the population identified as Catholic, and an even further decrease from 2011, when 64.1% of the population identified as Catholic. The country has a deep history of Catholicism, dating back to its role as the centre of the Habsburg monarchy from 1273 to 1918, during which time the Habsburgs championed the religion.

The Catholic Church in Austria is governed by the Austrian Conference of Catholic Bishops, which is made up of the hierarchy of the two archbishops of Vienna and Salzburg, the bishops, and the abbot of the territorial abbey of Wettingen-Mehrerau. Each bishop is independent within his diocese and is answerable only to the Pope.

Given this deep-rooted Catholicism, it is not surprising that the country has its own religious greeting: 'Grüß Gott' (May God greet you). This greeting is typical in Austria and the Bavaria region of Germany due to their strong Catholic ties. If you were to use this greeting in Northern Germany, where atheism is more common, you may be met with a quizzical look, despite still being understood.

While Austria is a largely Catholic country, it is worth noting that there has been a decline in the number of Catholics over the years, primarily due to secularisation and migration. In 1961, 89% of the population identified as Catholic, compared to 52% in 2022. The number of churchgoers has also decreased, with only 3.1% of the total Austrian population attending church on Sundays in 2021.

Austrian German has longer and broader vowels than German

If you're planning a trip to Austria, it's worth noting that German is the official language. However, Austrian German has some unique characteristics that set it apart from Standard German. While most Austrians can understand and be understood by speakers of Standard German, there may be instances where communication is challenging due to differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.

Austrian German vs. Standard German

Austrian German and Standard German are both rooted in the West Germanic family of languages and share a lot of similarities. However, they also have distinct features that are important to understand when visiting Austria.

Longer and Broader Vowels in Austrian German

One of the most noticeable differences between Austrian German and Standard German is the pronunciation of vowels. Austrian German has longer and broader vowels compared to Standard German. This is especially true when comparing the dialects of northern Germany with Austrian German. The vowel sounds in Austrian German are more open and rounded, giving it a softer and more melodic quality.

For example, the common syllable "ei" in Standard German, as in "Zeit" (time), is pronounced as /eye/. In Austrian German, this sound is elongated. Additionally, long vowels in Austrian German require more muscular tension, especially at the end of words. The /a/, /e/, and /i/ sounds are more open, while the /o/ and /u/ sounds are more rounded.

Regional Dialects and Variations

Both Austria and Germany have a variety of regional dialects that can further complicate communication. In Austria, the Bavarian dialect is the most widely spoken, with about 12 million speakers worldwide. Other dialects, such as Alemannic, are also present in certain regions. These dialects can differ significantly from Standard German and even from each other, with distinct pronunciations and vocabulary.

Differences in Vocabulary and Expressions

Austrian German also has unique words and expressions that differ from Standard German. For example, "Pfannkuchen" (pancakes) in Standard German is "Palatschinken" in Austrian German. Additionally, some words have different meanings, such as "Zahnarztordination" and "Schornsteinfeger," which have distinct meanings in Austrian German.

Understanding Each Other

Despite the differences, Austrians and Germans can generally understand each other. It may take some effort and adjustment, but communication is usually possible. It's similar to how Americans and Britons can understand each other, despite some variations in vocabulary and pronunciation.

Learning Austrian German

If you're interested in learning Austrian German, there are plenty of resources available, including online classes, language exchange apps, and tutors from Austrian cities like Vienna, Salzburg, or Innsbruck. Additionally, visiting Austria and immersing yourself in the local culture can be an effective way to pick up the language.

In conclusion, while German is the official language of Austria, Austrian German has its unique characteristics, including longer and broader vowels. Understanding these differences can enhance your communication and cultural experience when visiting Austria.

The common European emergency number 112 works in Austria, but the country also has its own emergency numbers

While it is always helpful to know the local language when visiting a foreign country, Austria is a popular tourist destination with many English speakers. You should be able to get by with English in most urban areas, especially in the service industry and among younger Austrians. However, if you plan to visit rural areas or interact with older locals, you may encounter some communication barriers.

Austria has its own variety of German, which is recognised as an official dialect by the EU. It has distinct differences from the German spoken in Germany, including variations in vocabulary, pronunciation, and even grammar. So, if you have studied German, you may still find yourself facing some challenges when communicating in Austria. Nevertheless, with a little preparation and adjustment, you should be able to navigate your trip successfully.

Emergency Services in Austria:

The common European emergency number, 112, works in Austria. This number can be dialled free of charge from both mobile and fixed telephones and will connect you to emergency services, including the police, ambulance, and fire brigade. 112 is available in all EU countries and many other countries worldwide.

However, it is important to note that Austria also has its own set of emergency numbers that are used alongside 112. These include 122 for the fire brigade, 133 for the police, 144 for rescue/ambulance, 140 for mountain rescue, and 141 for the nighttime general practitioner service. Additionally, you can reach any local police department by dialling 059 133, which is a non-emergency number.

In conclusion, while knowing some German can be beneficial when visiting Austria, it is not a requirement, and you should be able to get by with English in most tourist areas. As for emergencies, while 112 is functional and widely recognised, being aware of the specific Austrian emergency numbers can be helpful in various situations.

Austria is one of the safest places to travel, but it's wise to keep an eye on your belongings, especially on the train from the airport to the main station

Austria is considered a safe place to travel, with authorities advising visitors to exercise normal safety precautions. However, it is always wise to remain vigilant and keep an eye on your belongings, especially when using public transport, including trains from the airport to the main station. Here are some important things to keep in mind when visiting Austria:

Language

If you're planning to use your German language skills in Austria, it's worth noting that the German spoken there is not the same dialect as the one used in Germany. Austrians speak a variety of German that has some distinct differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and even grammar. For example, the typical greeting in Austria is "Grüß Gott" (May God greet you), which is less commonly used in Northern Germany. Additionally, some words for common dishes and food items differ between the two countries. While you may be understood with your German skills, you might want to familiarize yourself with some Austrian German peculiarities to facilitate better communication and understanding.

Petty Crime

Petty crimes, such as bag snatching and pickpocketing, are common in Austria, especially in tourist areas and on public transport. Therefore, it is essential to be cautious and keep a close eye on your belongings at all times. Make sure to secure your passport and other valuables, and be extra vigilant in crowded places like train stations, airports, shopping areas, and tourist attractions.

Terrorism

While Austria has a low rate of serious crime, it is important to remain vigilant as terrorists have targeted European cities, including Vienna. Crowded places, such as festivals, tourist areas, transport hubs, and public transport, can be potential targets. Always be aware of your surroundings, follow local authority advice, and report any suspicious activities or items to the police.

Natural Disasters

Austria experiences natural disasters such as avalanches, flash floods, and mudslides, particularly in alpine areas. If you plan to visit these regions, it is crucial to monitor local weather conditions, follow the advice of local authorities, and stick to marked slopes and trails for skiing, hiking, or mountain climbing.

Health

Ticks carrying encephalitis are prevalent in forests and rural areas, so be sure to check your body for ticks during and after visiting these areas. Additionally, make sure your vaccinations are up to date, and consider getting travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and evacuation.

Laws and Customs

Austria has strict laws regarding face coverings in public places, making it illegal to cover your face to hide your identity. Additionally, penalties for drug possession, use, or trafficking are severe, and even carrying small amounts of illegal drugs can result in heavy fines and prison sentences. Always carry your ID or passport, and be aware of local laws and customs to avoid any legal issues during your stay.

Frequently asked questions