The Swiss-Austrian border can be crossed on foot, by car, by bus, by train, or even by mountain bike. The border is divided into two segments, with Liechtenstein interrupting the border demarcation. The northern segment of the border begins at the meeting point of the Austro-Swiss and Germano-Swiss borders, while the second portion begins south of Liechtenstein and ends near the Resia Pass. The border has been in existence since the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which marked the end of the Thirty Years' War and established Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Border Length | 164 km |
Border Regions | Austria – Tyrol, Vorarlberg; Switzerland – Canton of Graubünden, Canton of St. Gallen |
Border Established | 1648 (Treaty of Westphalia) |
Current Demarcation | 1919 |
Border Divided Into | Two Segments |
Border Interruption | Liechtenstein |
Northern Segment | Tripoint formed by the meeting of the Austro-Swiss and Germano-Swiss borders |
Second Segment Begins | South of Liechtenstein |
Second Segment Ends | Resia Pass |
Geographic Tripoint | Austria, Italy, and Switzerland, 2000m above sea level |
Border Crossed by Foot | Yes |
Border Crossed by Ski | Yes |
Border Crossed by Car | Yes |
What You'll Learn
Crossing the Swiss-Austrian border on foot
If you plan to cross the border on foot, it's important to choose a reasonably populated area with infrastructure that supports pedestrian crossings. The area between Bregenz and Feldkirch, or the border crossing at Diepoldsau, are possible options. Remember to carry the necessary documentation, as border checks may occur, especially if you are not an EU citizen.
Both Switzerland and Austria offer stunning alpine scenery, with Switzerland being famous for its cheese, banks, and high prices, while Austria is known for its musical history and the city of Vienna. Switzerland's transport system is impressive, with trains, cable cars, and alpine trains, making it easy to get around. Austria, on the other hand, may be a more budget-friendly option, offering similar hiking and skiing experiences to Switzerland.
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The best mode of transport to cross the border
If you are looking for a quick and efficient way to cross the border, travelling by car is a good option. There are several roads that cross the border, providing easy access between the two countries.
For a more scenic and relaxed journey, travelling by train can be a great choice. The Golden Pass route between Montreux in Switzerland and Lucerne in Austria offers stunning views of the Alps and is considered one of the finest train journeys in the region. The Arlberg railway line also traverses the border and offers a unique experience, climbing through formidable Alpine scenery to more than 1,300 meters above sea level.
If you are feeling adventurous and want to explore the area by bike, the Drei Länder MTB Route (Three Countries MTB Route) is a classic tour in the border triangle at the Reschen Pass. This route takes you through Italy, Austria, and Switzerland, offering overwhelming landscapes and exciting trails.
Finally, it is also possible to cross the border on foot. The border between the two countries is mostly marked by signs and stones, making it accessible for those who enjoy hiking or walking. However, it is important to note that in some mountainous areas, you may need relevant experience and equipment to cross safely.
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The history of the border
The border between Austria and Switzerland has existed since the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which ended the Thirty Years' War and established Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire. The border has a total length of 164km to 180km and is divided into two segments, separated by the Principality of Liechtenstein. The northern segment begins at the tripoint of the Austrian, Swiss, and German borders and continues southward to Liechtenstein. The second portion begins south of Liechtenstein and ends near the Resia Pass, at the geographic tripoint of Austria, Italy, and Switzerland.
The course of the border reflects the success of the rivals of the House of Habsburg, notably the Old Swiss Confederacy and the Three Leagues, in limiting the influence of the Habsburg Archdukes of Austria in the original Habsburg domains west of the Rhine during the 14th and 15th centuries. Most of the Alpine part of the border had already been the outer frontier of the Three Leagues since the 15th century, with the exception of the Vinschgau region, which remained disputed territory until the 18th century. In contrast, the Alpine Rhine Valley has a complex feudal history, with its territories on the left bank becoming subject territories of the Swiss Confederacy by the 17th century.
The current border is a result of the creation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798. In 1805, Liechtenstein was established as an independent principality under the Peace of Pressburg, although it remained nominally part of the Confederation of the Rhine until 1866. The border underwent changes in 1919 when South Tyrol was given to Italy following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I.
Switzerland's entry into the Schengen Area in 2008 removed passport checks at the border, but customs checks remain in place as Switzerland is outside the EU Customs Union. The two countries have also collaborated on cross-border programmes such as the "Alpine Space" and "Alpenrhein – Bodensee – Hochrein" initiatives, which aim to enhance regional competitiveness, innovation, and sustainable development.
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The impact of the border on trade and tourism
The border between Austria and Switzerland has existed since the Treaty of Westphalia was signed in 1648, and it has impacted trade and tourism in various ways. The border has a total length of approximately 164 to 180 kilometres and is divided into two segments due to the landlocked country of Liechtenstein. The northern segment starts at the tripoint of Austria, Switzerland, and Germany, while the southern segment ends near the Resia Pass, where Austria, Switzerland, and Italy meet.
The impact of this border on trade and tourism is significant. Firstly, the border's unique location in the Alps and along the Rhine River creates both opportunities and challenges for trade and tourism. The Alpine region's natural beauty and cultural attractions, such as the Baroque Cathedral and Abbey Library in St. Gallen, make it a popular tourist destination. The "Alpine Space" programme aims to enhance the region's attractiveness and encourage economic development by leveraging new technologies while preserving traditional activities like tourism, which is essential to the region's cultural identity.
Secondly, the border's division into two segments due to Liechtenstein has influenced trade agreements and economic relations between Austria and Switzerland. Switzerland's status as a non-EU member creates slight obstacles to cross-border cooperation, but the country actively participates in projects with Austria, such as the "Alpenrhein – Bodensee – Hochrein" Interreg programme. This programme focuses on exploiting the region's economic potential, fostering innovation, and increasing competitiveness through enhanced networking and labour market cooperation.
Additionally, the border's location in the Alps has led to the development of cross-border ski areas. The ski resorts of Ischgl in Austria and Samnaun in Switzerland are connected at high altitudes, providing a seamless experience for skiers from both countries without the need for border controls thanks to the Schengen Agreement.
Furthermore, the border has also impacted transportation and infrastructure. There are cross-border railway lines, such as the St. Margrethen-Lauterach line and the Feldkirch-Buchs railway, which passes through Liechtenstein. These railways facilitate the movement of people and goods between the two countries, enhancing trade and tourism.
Lastly, the impact of the border on trade is evident through the exchange of goods and services between Austria and Switzerland. Austria's exports to its neighbouring countries are significant, with over half of its trade flows occurring with immediate neighbours. The removal of passport checks between the two countries following Switzerland's accession to the Schengen Area in 2008 further facilitated trade and tourism.
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The natural landscape of the border
The Swiss-Austrian border traverses through the majestic Alps, with the southern portion often following the crest line. This section can be quite challenging to cross and may require relevant experience and equipment, especially during winter. There is a large ski domain that straddles the border, providing opportunities for winter sports enthusiasts. The Drei Länder MTB Route, or the Three Countries MTB Route, is another popular trail that crosses the borders of Italy, Austria, and Switzerland, offering breathtaking landscapes and exciting historical sites.
The border regions in Austria and Switzerland boast impressive natural landscapes. The Austrian state of Tyrol and the Swiss Canton of Graubünden are home to majestic mountains, including the famous Großglockner peak in Austria, which stands at 3798 meters above sea level. The Canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland is renowned for its picturesque Lake Constance, offering boat cruises and stunning lakeside towns such as Romanshorn.
The natural landscape along the border is not just limited to mountains and lakes. The Rhine River also plays a significant role, marking a large portion of the border north of Liechtenstein. While it is possible to cross the border on foot in certain sections, there are not many bridges, and not all of them have footpaths. The Arlberg railway traverses through formidable Alpine scenery, providing a civilised way to experience the beauty of the border region.
The border region is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, offering countless opportunities for hiking, mountain biking, skiing, and other recreational activities. The natural landscape of the Swiss-Austrian border is a testament to the beauty and diversity of the Alpine region, attracting tourists from all over the world.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, it is possible to cross the Swiss-Austrian border on foot. The border is 164km long and is divided into two segments, with Liechtenstein landlocked between them. The northern segment begins at the tripoint formed by the meeting of the Austro-Swiss and Germano-Swiss borders. The second portion begins south of Liechtenstein and ends near the Resia Pass, at the geographic tripoint between Austria, Italy and Switzerland.
Yes, there are several ways to cross the border between Austria and Switzerland without having to traverse the mountains. You can take a train from Feldkirch in Austria to St. Gallen in Switzerland, for example. You can also drive, as there are parking spaces available at the valley station of the Bergkastelbahn.
The Drei Länder MTB Route (Three Countries MTB Route) is a classic tour in the border triangle at the Reschen Pass. The round tour starts on the Three Countries Trails at the Reschen Pass and leads you along lonely high Alpine paths to the hip biking eldorado of Livigno in Italy in five stages. Each day, you cross a border between Italy, Austria and Switzerland at least once.
Feldkirch is a beautiful medieval town in Austria, bordering Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany. The town has a castle, Schattenburg, which was built by the counts of Montfort, and the cathedral of St. Nikolaus from the late Gothic period.