Living In Bolivia: An American's Guide

Bolivia is a culturally and geographically diverse country in the middle of South America. It has one of the lowest crime rates in South America and its economy is growing. Expatriates can drive with a US driving license and insurance, but for regular drivers, it is recommended to obtain an international driving permit. Bolivia has an insurance-based healthcare system that is currently in reform. To enter Bolivia, US citizens are required to obtain a visa, which can be purchased at any land or air border.

Healthcare in Bolivia

Every year, 6% of households across Bolivia face catastrophic health expenditures, which can lead to impoverishment. This is particularly true for underserved groups, such as indigenous communities and informal labourers, who are vulnerable to high out-of-pocket health expenses. Bolivia has the largest informal sector in the world, and a significant proportion of the workforce lack health insurance coverage. This can limit access to health services and hinder progress towards universal health coverage.

In 2019, the Bolivian government introduced health reforms through the Single Health System (SUS) model, with the aim of providing universal and free coverage to 50% of the population. This was a significant increase from previous coverage rates and protected an estimated five million uninsured Bolivians. The SUS model increased public health expenditure, strengthened primary health services, and reduced out-of-pocket expenses for vulnerable communities.

Despite the improvements brought about by the SUS model, healthcare in Bolivia still faces challenges. Bolivia ranks nearly last among Western Hemisphere countries in terms of key health indicators, with only Haiti scoring consistently lower. The country has the worst child mortality rate in South America, with 69 deaths per 1,000 live births. Malnutrition is also a significant issue, with an estimated 7% of children under five and 23% of the overall population suffering from malnutrition. In addition, 20% of the rural population in Bolivia has access to safe water and sanitation, leaving many vulnerable to diseases such as malaria and Chagas disease.

Safety and security in Bolivia

Bolivia has one of the lowest crime rates in South America, and most of its major cities have a medium threat level for crime, comparable to larger cities in the United States. However, it is important to be aware of potential risks and take precautions to ensure your safety and security.

Petty Crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, is common in large cities like La Paz and Santa Cruz, as well as in tourist areas and on public transportation. Criminals often work in groups, distracting their victims while an accomplice steals from them. To avoid becoming a victim of theft, keep your belongings secure at all times, don't travel alone (especially at night), and remain vigilant of your surroundings.

Violent Crime

Violent crime against tourists is uncommon but does occur, with foreigners falling victim to armed robberies and assaults at tourist destinations. Violent crime, carjacking, and civil unrest are risks in certain regions, particularly those associated with drug trafficking, such as the Chapare region and the Yungas region.

Express Kidnappings

Express kidnappings, where criminals ask for small, immediate ransoms, are a concern in Bolivia. Criminals may force victims to withdraw funds from ATMs or contact family or friends to pay the ransom. These kidnappings are often committed by organized taxi drivers who pick up victims and then stop to pick up associates. To minimize the risk, use only reputable taxi companies or ride-sharing apps, and avoid hailing taxis on the street.

Fraudulent Police Officers

Be cautious of criminals posing as police officers. They may ask to examine your belongings or request that you accompany them to a fake police station, sometimes in collusion with a criminal posing as a taxi driver. Under Bolivian law, you are not obligated to go with an officer to a police station unless they have a formal written request from a judge with your name on it. Always ask to see their official identification and remember that any search or seizure must occur at a genuine police station in the prosecutor's presence.

Credit Card and ATM Fraud

Credit card and ATM fraud is also a concern in Bolivia. When using your cards, pay close attention when others are handling them, use ATMs in well-lit and secure locations, cover the keypad when entering your PIN, and regularly check your account statements for any unauthorized transactions.

Vehicle-Related Crimes

Vehicle and auto-parts theft, as well as theft from vehicles, are common throughout Bolivia. To reduce the risk, keep valuables out of sight and park your car in a supervised lot whenever possible.

Sexual Assault

There have been incidents of sexual assault against women travellers, including on guided tours and in clubs and hostels. Stay vigilant, lock your hotel room, and avoid accepting offers of transportation from strangers.

Drugs and Spiritual Ceremonies

Bolivia is a major producer of cocaine, and harsh penalties, including lengthy prison sentences, are imposed on those caught trafficking or in possession of illegal drugs. Spiritual cleansing ceremonies involving hallucinogenic substances have also led to serious illnesses and even deaths. While not illegal, these ceremonies often take place in remote areas with limited access to medical facilities.

Road Safety

Road travel in Bolivia can be hazardous due to poor road conditions, aggressive driving, and a lack of maintenance. Serious accidents occur on major routes, and road blockades due to protests and strikes can disrupt travel plans. If you plan to drive, ensure you have the required documentation and be cautious when using taxis or public transportation.

Transportation in Bolivia

Bolivia is a landlocked country in South America, with diverse geography ranging from the Amazon rainforest to the world's largest salt flat. Getting around the country can be challenging due to its varied landscapes, but Bolivia's cities and towns are relatively well-connected. Here is an overview of the transportation options available in Bolivia:

Buses

The bus is the most common and economical way to travel between cities in Bolivia. The central bus station in La Paz is the hub for intercity bus travel, with routes radiating out to other departments in the country. International buses that cross borders are usually comfortable and safe, offering amenities such as reclining seats, bathrooms, television, and snack services. However, bus travel in Bolivia can also be chaotic and unpredictable. Departure and arrival times may change without notice, and road conditions can make for a bumpy and tumultuous journey, especially during the rainy season. It is recommended to choose reputable bus companies and arrive early at the bus station to secure your seat.

Taxis

Taxis are a convenient and relatively safe way to get around in Bolivian cities. There are two main types of taxis: radiotaxis and regular taxis. Radiotaxis are dispatched based on calls and are considered safer but more expensive. Regular taxis can be hailed on the street and are cheaper, but caution is advised, especially at night, as there have been reports of criminals posing as taxi drivers.

Trains

Bolivia is one of the few countries in Latin America with an extensive rail network. Train travel is an affordable and scenic way to move between cities, offering breathtaking views of the country's diverse landscapes. There are two separate train networks in Bolivia: the Eastern network, which connects Santa Cruz to the Brazilian border and the Argentine border, and the Western network, which runs from Oruro to Villazón on the Argentine border, with stops in Uyuni and Tupiza.

Flights

Flying is the best option for covering long distances within Bolivia in the least amount of time. Boliviana de Aviacion (BoA) is the national airline, offering daily flights between major cities such as La Paz, Santa Cruz, Sucre, and Cochabamba. Flights are also a good option for reaching remote areas, such as the Amazon, that are challenging to access by road.

Cable Car

An innovative mode of transportation in Bolivia is the urban cable car system in La Paz, which connects the city to neighboring El Alto. Operating at 4000 meters above sea level, it is the highest cable car in the world and provides stunning views while facilitating transportation between the two cities.

Visa requirements for US citizens

US citizens visiting Bolivia are required to obtain a visa. This can be done at a Bolivian Embassy or Consulate in the US or neighbouring country. Alternatively, a tourist visa can be purchased at any land or air border, granting entry for 30 days.

To extend their stay beyond 30 days, US citizens can apply for an extension through the Dirección General de Migración (National Migration Service), which has offices in most major cities. The total time US citizens can stay in Bolivia is 90 days per year.

The cost of a Bolivian visitor visa is $160 US and can be paid in US or local currency upon arrival. Visitors must show proof of:

• A round-trip ticket or confirmation of plans to depart Bolivia
• Lodging in Bolivia, such as a hotel reservation. If staying with Bolivian friends or family, a letter of invitation from the host may be required
• A valid US passport with at least 6 months of validity remaining
• An International Certificate of Yellow Fever Vaccination

Prior to arriving in Bolivia, foreign travellers must complete the web-based registration process (SIGEMIG). If this is not done, it can be completed by immigration inspectors at the port of entry, but a fine will be imposed when exiting the country.

If planning to work, study, volunteer, or conduct business in Bolivia, a separate visa must be obtained.

It is recommended to get entry and exit stamps from Bolivian authorities when entering or leaving the country. If a passport is lost after obtaining a visa at a land border or entry port, a new visa must be purchased for $160 US in order to leave. However, if the visa was obtained at a Bolivian Embassy/Consulate in the US, an exit stamp will be required but the visa fee will not need to be paid again.

Cost of living in Bolivia

Bolivia is the cheapest country in Latin America and the third cheapest country globally. A single person's estimated monthly costs without rent are 430.7€ (3,293.2Bs.) or $b5,042. A couple can live comfortably in Bolivia for around $1,500 per month, with some sources giving an estimate of $1,550 per month.

The cost of living in Bolivia is significantly lower than in other countries. For example, rent in Bolivia is, on average, 68.7% lower than in Germany. A meal for two people in a mid-range restaurant is around $b3, and a family-sized platter of grilled meats with a salad bar is approximately $12. A bottle of locally produced wine costs less than $3, and a one-way ticket on local transport starts at 75 cents.

Healthcare in Bolivia is insurance-based and currently undergoing reform, with the number of doctors in the country having doubled in recent years. Private clinics are more expensive but offer better services.

Transport in Bolivia is mostly done by road, although flying is an option for longer journeys. Only 6% of roads are paved, and road travel can be hazardous due to a lack of attention to road safety and minimal signage. Taxis are a popular mode of transport, with rides starting at 75 cents.

Bolivia is a culturally and geographically diverse country, with some of the world's highest cities and a section of the Amazon rainforest. The climate in the highlands is perfectly moderate, and the people are known for their warmth.

Frequently asked questions